BIHAR AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STATUS: FOR BPSC MAINS EXAM.

                PART-3

BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY- CONCEPT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:

NOTE: THE SOURCE OF DISCUSSION IS BASED ON BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY AND BUDGET.

Human development is defined as the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live.
The economic development in bihar has been characterised predominantly by development of social indicator like health, education, social welfare and social security.
In last eight years, the level of per capita development expenditure in bihar has been growing at the rate of 14.2% compared to all india 13.3%. further, the expenditure on education and health  in the state registered an annual growth rate of 13.8% and 20.8%.
The health sector in state received mixed response in its three crucial development indicators like outcomes (IMR), process (institutional delivery) and input (infrastructure) , while IMR and institutional delivery improved, govt. is keen to promote health infrastructure and expenditure with strong institutional mechanism like NHM.
The literacy rate illustrates an upward trend and the gender gap in the literacy rate shows the downward trend which is a positive sign. the dropout rate in primary education recorded as decrease of 15.5% points and at upper primary level this decrease was 6.9% points.
Access to safe drinking water in areas is real time concern. the welfare of Sc, St, minorities and women communities was accorded high priority in state's development programme.
The social security measures of the state govt. not only uplifted the welfare of disadvantaged communities, it also installed confidence among them. there was a steady increase in expenditure on social security in bihar.
Fertility rate was high in champaran, kishanganj, saharsa, while other have moderate effect. For proper health 4 criteria are important-

• universal access.
• fair distribution of financial costs.
• providing training for competence and accountability.
• special attention to vulnerable groups such as children, women, disabled and the aged people.

The state govt. has strengthened both the infrastructure and the manpower for the health services in bihar at all levels- primary, secondary, and tertiary. better infrastructure, easy availability of drugs, and expension of the human resources for health services have all lead to an improvement in public health services.
challenges that health sectors faces are substantial-

• reduce mortality rates.
• improve physical infrastructure necessary to provide health insurance
• ensuring availability of trained medical personnel

Indicator of health which has to improve-

• Infant mortality rate(IMR).
• total fertility rate(TFR).
• morbidity rate.
• maternal mortality rate.

due to combined effect of poverty , population load, climate change factors, bihar's population is seriously sesceptable to disease. to provide adequate health services to such a population, it is extremely necessary to have a strong health infrastructure.
The overall health infrastructure can be-

• skilled work force.
• public health organisations.
• resources.
• integrated electronic information system.
• R&D centres.

Then, four pillar which underpinned it-

• accessibility
• availability
• affordibility
• acceptability

these can help in identification of gaps and challenges currently faced by the state. 
some schemes- national health mission(NHM)- rural(RNHM)- urban(UNHM)
LaQshya- labour room quality improvement initiative 2017- to reduce maternal, new born mortality, morbidity, and still birth.
Lohiya swacch bihar abhiyan.